Psychoanalytic Dream Interpretation – The Beginning
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Jung believed the psyche to be a self-regulating organism in which conscious attitudes were likely to be compensated for unconsciously within the dream by their opposites. Dream interpretation in psychoanalysis is a tool aiding in the discovery of psychic contents - latent ideas linked with repressed emotions and drives - within the unconscious mind, contents pathologically manifest in neurotic symptoms.
An inability to come to terms with this may leave the person prone to depression or depressive episodes in later life. What are the major mechanisms that Freud postulated of how the mind works in dreams?
Psychoanalytic Dream Interpretation – The Beginning - Freeman states that the interpretation of dreams must involve some fabrication of the client's dreams.
What happened when Freud published The Interpretation of Dreams? You could say that the fields of psychoanalysis, psychiatry, and psychology were born, but much more importantly, scientific thinking about the mind began. Before that, the brain was something physical and the mind was a kind of pixyish spirit world. There was science about the brain and pie-in-the-sky speculation about the mind. After Freud, the study of the mind became more serious and scientific. To put it very simply, it was through Freud's theory that we understood for the first time that we dream for a reason; that reason is to deal unconsciously with the problems the conscious mind can't deal with. That theory meant that the mind obeyed its own rules. People set out to discover those rules and the reasons for them. Was Freud the first person to look at the mind scientifically? In effect, he established the foundation for our current thinking about the mind. Before that, thinking was much more spiritual or even alchemic. So Freud established a baseline? When and how did Freud come to discover psychoanalysis? Freud was always interested in examining his own thoughts and motivations; after his father died in 1896, he underwent a self-analysis. How did he do that? He analyzed his dreams, his childhood memories, screen memories, slips of the tongue, and episodes of forgetfulness. Screen memories are memories of events which actually stand for other memories which have been forgotten. These memories may have an unusual vivid quality because they represent a convergence of a variety of scenes. How did Freud come to do a self-analysis? This analysis included an examination of the complex and ambivalent emotions he had about his father. During this self-analysis he developed the idea of the Oedipus Complex that is, the complicated feelings of a child towards his or her parents. Where did Freud write about his self-analysis and his own dreams? Mainly in his seminal work, The Interpretation of Dreams. Did Freud realize that the death of his father was a central stimulus to his self-analysis and his dream book? It was, I found, a portion of my own self-analysis, my reaction to my father's death - that is to say, to the most important event, the most poignant loss, of a man's life. Having discovered that this was so, I felt unable to obliterate the traces of the experience. To analyze dreams, memories is to try to understand how events from the past, including the distant past in childhood, continue to actively influence our current behavior and feelings without our conscious awareness of their influence. How did Freud analyze a dream? He listened to the dreamer's associations his own or his patient's to the dream. Through the associations and connections one could understand the motives for the dreams: current and past conflicted situations. How do these events continue to affect us if we are not conscious of them? Freud hypothesized that these memories continue to exist outside our awareness, unconsciously. What is the connection between unconscious mental activity and dreaming? What was Freud's first dream in which he understood that dreams have meaning? He discussed his associations to this dream in about 25 pages of The Interpretation of Dreams. Freud At the moment there seems little prospect of it. Dreams are fueled by a person's wishes, particularly wishes of which the person was not conscious. On another level, the purpose of the dream is to allow the person to continue sleeping. What was problematic about the idea that are all dreams are wish-fulfillments? Anxiety dreams and punishment dreams. Freud came to understand that anxiety often resulted from the gratification of a person's wishes. Traumatic dreams proved to be a problem for Freud were they an exception to the rule that all dreams are wish-fulfillments? Freud came to maintain that traumatic dreams functioned to master trauma rather than to gratify wishes. Other analysts have maintained that there is no need to contrast the two types of dreams. What are the major mechanisms that Freud postulated of how the mind works in dreams? Dream-work, as it is called, has four major elements. For example, the most significant ideas or feelings for a person may shift from one idea in the latent content of the dream to an insignificant detail in the manifest content of the dream. What is the difference between the manifest content of the dream and the latent content? Manifest content is the dream as perceived by the dreamer. The manifest content is a result of the dream-work. Latent content is the meaning of the dream as revealed by analysis. The latent content does not appear as a narrative like the manifest content but rather as a group of thoughts expressing one or more wishes. Was Freud always a psychoanalyst? Freud was born in 1856. From 1876 until 1896 he was primarily a neurologist and an anatomist. Did he make any significant neurological contributions? At that time most neurologists believed that there were discrete anatomical areas in the brain that were responsible for different cognitive functions. Freud followed the ideas of the English neurologist, Hughlings Jackson, who proposed a hierarchic view of the nervous system. Rather, he thought that large areas of the cortex of the brain had various functions a notion of functional systems, which antedated the work of A. Luria, the founder of neuropsychology, by 50 years. Did Freud try to integrate neurological and psychological phenomena? One very important area which Freud studied and modern neuroscientists study is the area of memory. For Freud, memories are continually worked over and revised. For example, Gerald Edelman, the Nobel Laureate, has described the brain's role as one of constructing categories so that every memory is a recreation or a recategorization based on experimental neuroscientific data. Why didn't Freud continue his neurological work and his attempts to integrate neurology and psychology? At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th Centuries, there were no neurological techniques to study the functioning of brain. We now have capabilities to perform such functional studies using machines such as PET scans. Because of the primitive methods of neurology in his day, Freud focused solely on psychological studies and developed only psychological theories. However, many of his neurological ideas continued to influence his psychoanalytic theories, such as the central role of memory in the development of the individual. Were there any connections between Freud's attempts to develop a neurological theory and his later psychoanalysis? The Interpretation of Dreamscan be viewed as a completion of, or an alternative to, the Project. In the last few sections of the draft of the Project, Freud identified dreams with wish-fulfillment and sketched out how dreams work. How did contemporaries of Freud react to the publication of The Interpretation of Dreams? The first review was published on December 16, 1899. Only one more note from the conclusion of his epoch-making work, a note which concerns the value of dreams for gaining knowledge of future. There is a grain of truth, though, in the ancient belief that we can see in them our future. By showing us our wishes as fulfilled they point to the future. But this future, which the dreamer mistakes for his present, is modeled by the indestructible wish into the likeness of the past. Alexander Welsh: Freud's Wishful Dream Book, 1994 Princeton University Press.
Dream Psychology: Psychoanalysis for Beginners by Sigmund Freud. Audiobook
Dreams have been held in considerable importance through history by most cultures. It has been found that understanding a disturbing persistent dream can reduce its occurrence and its associated distress. Although these theories are used, none have been solo psychoanalytic dream interpretation and much has been left open to debate among researchers. Hobson in his description of dreams refers to them as chaotic, random, and hallucinatory which is completely inaccurate. For example, Alexander, while waging war against the Tyrians, dreamt that a satyr was dancing on his shield. Dreams were also sometimes met as a means of seeing into other worlds and it was thought that the soul, or some part of it, moved out of the body of the sleeping person and actually visited the places and persons the dreamer saw in his or her sleep.
